OS

Summary: Author: 张亚飞 | Read Time: 5 minute read | Published: 2016-05-17
Filed under — Categories: Linux — Tags: Note,

制作 CentOS-8 系统镜像

CentOS7安装KVM虚拟机详解 Howto use centos cloud images with cloud-init on KVM/libvirtd KVM: Testing cloud-init locally using KVM for a CentOS cloud image Linux 系统安装 cloud-init

ssh-keygen -t rsa
sudo dnf -y install genisoimage virt-install libguestfs-tools-c qemu-img libvirt-client wget libosinfo
sudo dnf -y install libvirt-nss
qemu-img create -f qcow2 centos-6.9.qcow2 100G
virt-install --virt-type hvm --name centos-6.9 --ram 1024 --disk centos-6.9.qcow2,format=qcow2 --network network=default --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole --location=CentOS-6.9-x86_64-netinstall.iso
  • 自动安装包
git clone https://github.com/giovtorres/kvm-install-vm.git
cd kvm-install-vm
./kvm-install-vm create -v foo
  • 检查系统硬件是否支持虚拟化
# grep -E '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
# dmesg |grep kvm
[    0.000000] kvm-clock: cpu 0, msr 2:3ff88001, primary cpu clock
[    0.000000] kvm-clock: Using msrs 4b564d01 and 4b564d00
[    0.000000] kvm-clock: using sched offset of 2170906062 cycles
[    0.000000] kvm-stealtime: cpu 0, msr 23fc1c040
[    0.219340] kvm-clock: cpu 1, msr 2:3ff88041, secondary cpu clock
[    0.220665] kvm-stealtime: cpu 1, msr 23fd1c040
[    0.314982] Switched to clocksource kvm-clock
[    0.728584] systemd[1]: Detected virtualization kvm.

安装依赖

sudo yum install -y qemu-kvm 
sudo yum install -y qemu-kvm-tools 
sudo yum install -y virt-manager
sudo yum install -y genisoimage
sudo yum install -y libvirt
sudo yum install -y virt-install

启动libvirtd系统服务

systemctl start libvirtd
systemctl status libvirtd
systemctl enable libvirtd

libvirt在安装完成后，默认已经创建了一个NAT类型的网络，并且已经设置好了NAT的一系列规则，DHCP等，这个网络会给宿主机创建一张virbr0网卡，用于宿主机与虚拟机互通。 启动libvirt，此时ifcofnig,查看多了一块virbr0的网卡，ip为 192.168.122.1，virsh命令可以用

# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:c9:39:03:f1  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.200.0.15  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 10.200.15.255
        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe88:65b1  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:88:65:b1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 178198  bytes 52034768 (49.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 450892  bytes 4692459992 (4.3 GiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:59:bf:89  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# virsh net-list
 名称               状态     自动开始  持久
----------------------------------------------------------
 default              活动     是           是

/var/lib/libvirt/boot

# wget http://cloud.centos.org/centos/8/x86_64/images/CentOS-8-GenericCloud-8.2.2004-20200611.2.x86_64.qcow2
# qemu-img info CentOS-8-GenericCloud-8.2.2004-20200611.2.x86_64.qcow2
image: CentOS-8-GenericCloud-8.2.2004-20200611.2.x86_64.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 1.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 0.10
    refcount bits: 16

mkdir -p /var/lib/libvirt/images/tst
cp -v /var/lib/libvirt/boot/CentOS-8-GenericCloud-8.2.2004-20200611.2.x86_64.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/tst/tst.qcow2

/var/lib/libvirt/images/tst

# qemu-img resize tst.qcow2 18G
# qemu-img info tst.qcow2
image: tst.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 18G (19327352832 bytes)
disk size: 1.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 0.10
    refcount bits: 16
  • Install cloud-utilsPermalink
yum install -y cloud-utils
  • 创建密码加密hash
python -c 'import crypt,getpass; print(crypt.crypt(getpass.getpass(), crypt.mksalt(crypt.METHOD_SHA512)))'

/var/lib/libvirt/images/tst/config.yaml

#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
users:
  - name: coam
    groups: wheel
    lock_passwd: false
    passwd: $6$T8K0cqEJB4Zrwsiy$qExXuAXxdCnhq11gabMKst/v9ph6Fo4rNbh50TDv55L6wSBpXBpAecSWcibsxUz7T.6HY1a0d8QdSTifhdg00/
    shell: /bin/bash
    sudo: ['ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL']
    ssh-authorized-keys:
      - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDJ+Vt+W41nZsziKkwH550HLACST+osX4kWEy0+UdGwBaSJMkKbiFZZwff12E0ceRWMp30MvZw4SDPak7lw7ZvY/VWHNZHfMpHtgciZ8h+KFusgu2IJw/h16f+4V1q5u8Lv7GX7tCrgSu5SpWwf4rQYUVtjqPLBvSEvCO6AEUUHC3fvXmTp4I3dGUmcyUBGVDSvGqW5IE88u8Ioll9Izd0kMjc6u125wQjQQHXHzBAO6r53h2K7cFOS/z1McdniugmK/IUawROSv76hh2zccI323myui5SamSOEb6Luv7zOx7LUvS5GEb7/9PXy7Q0c+zi5L/DNTsE5apXx/wx7ei3Dcoam@MacPro.local
  • 编译 config.iso 配置
# cloud-localds config.iso config.yaml
wrote config.iso with filesystem=iso9660 and diskformat=raw
  • 使用 osinfo-query 查询系统版本
# osinfo-query  os | grep -i centos8
   centos8              | CentOS 8                                           | 8        | http://centos.org/centos/8
  • 启动虚拟机
virt-install \
--memory 4096 \
--vcpus 2 \
--name tst \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/tst/tst.qcow2,device=disk \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/coam/config.iso,device=cdrom \
--os-type Linux \
--os-variant centos8 \
--virt-type kvm \
--graphics none \
--network default \
--import

如果报错: ERROR Host does not support domain type kvm for virtualization type 'hvm' arch 'x86_64' 则去掉参数 --virt-type kvm 重新编译

virt-install \
--memory 4096 \
--vcpus 2 \
--name tst \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/tst/tst.qcow2,device=disk \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/coam/config.iso,device=cdrom \
--os-type Linux \
--os-variant centos8 \
--graphics none \
--network default \
--import

查看虚拟机

# virsh list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 1     tst                            running

使用 CentOS-8 安装后 cockpit 无法登录

使用终端安装系统

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.8.2003/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso

virt-install \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--name coam \
--location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/coam/coam.qcow2,device=disk \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/coam/config.iso,device=cdrom \
--os-type Linux \
--os-variant centos7.0 \
--graphics none \
--console=pty,target_type=serial \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0" \
--network default

virt-install \
--name=tos --ram 1024 --vcpus=1 \
--disk path=/root/vms/tos/tos.qcow2,size=10,format=qcow2,bus=virtio \
--location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--graphics=none \
--console=pty,target_type=serial \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"

如果提示错误:

ERROR    Cannot access storage file '/root/coam/vms/CentOS-8-GenericCloud-8.2.2004-20200611.2.x86_64.qcow2' (as uid:107, gid:107): Permission denied

则修改配置

/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

user = "root"
group = "root"

查看正在运行的虚拟机

# virsh list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 1     tst                            running

查看所有虚拟机

# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 2     tos                            running
 -     coam                           shut off
 -     nocs                           shut off
 -     sarah                          shut off
 -     tst                            shut off

启动 coam 虚拟机

virsh start coam

设置 coam 自启动

virsh autostart coam

其它操作

virsh autostart --disable coam   #关闭自启动
virsh shutdown coam   #关闭虚拟机
virsh shutdown name #正常关闭KVM虚拟机
virsh destroy name  #强制关闭KVM虚拟机(类似于直接断电)
virsh suspend name  #挂起KVM虚拟机
virsh resume name  #恢复挂起的KVM虚拟机
virsh dominfo coam    #显示虚拟机的基本信息
virsh dumpxml name  #查看KVM虚拟机配置文件，可以把输出的内容定义到xml里，用来克隆迁移用。
virsh edit name  #编辑KVM虚拟机的xml配置文件
virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/name.xml  #定义注册虚拟机，需要先查看xml文件对应的镜像，img等路径是否存在或修改指定路径
virsh undefine name  #彻底删除KVM虚拟机,不可逆,如果想找回来,需要备份/etc/libvirt/qemu的xml文件

KVM–Host does not support any virtualization… Host does not support domain type kvm for virtualization type ‘hvm’ arch ‘x86…

手动创建镜像需要确保libvirt运行有default网络，这个网络可以给虚拟机提供上网服务。

查看当前是否启用default网络

[root@compute ~]# virsh net-list
 Name                 State      Autostart     Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
 default              active     yes           yes

注: 如果没有启用，使用以下命令启用default

virsh net-start default

安装 cloud-init 服务

安装依赖包

yum update
yum install -y python-pip
  • 在 CentOS-8 上
sudo dnf install python3

下载源码包

wget https://launchpad.net/cloud-init/trunk/17.1/+download/cloud-init-17.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf cloud-init-17.1.tar.gz

安装项目依赖

cloud-init-17.1

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

安装依赖包

yum install cloud-utils-growpart -y

执行命令安装

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install --init-system systemd

常见错误

  • 将插槽连接到 /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock 失败: 没有那个文件或目录
systemctl start libvirtd
  • cannot access storage file (as uid:107, gid:107)permission denied

Changing /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf make working things. Uncomment user/group to work as root.

user = "root"
group = "root"

[](https://blog.csdn.net/hobertony_7/article/details/49948807)

参考

CentOS 7 virt-install 命令行方式（非图形界面）安装KVM虚拟机 CentOS 7 使用 virt-install + vnc 图形界面 创建虚拟机 深入理解OpenStack-手动制作qcow2镜像

Comments

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