制作腾讯云CentOS系统镜像
Summary: Author: 张亚飞 | Read Time: 4 minute read | Published: 2016-05-17
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制作腾讯云 CentOS 系统镜像
Linux 系统安装 cloud-init 制作 Linux 镜像
由于腾讯云系统镜像更新过慢,目前还没有新的
CentOS-8资源可用,于是参照以下方案从已有系统打包制作自定义镜像
制作腾讯云 CentOS-8 系统镜像
首先在阿里云启动一条新的CentOS-8机器
注意: 由于是要编译整个根目录,固建议编译系统需要再挂载单独的分区拿来导出系统镜像
登录目标机器
ssh root@8.210.170.106
查看并挂载磁盘分区
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 472K 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 20G 2.4G 18G 12% /
tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/0
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd2e22281
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 41943039 41940992 20G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到 /dev/vdb 还没挂载,于是执行挂载命令并重启服务器
fdisk -l && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb && echo '/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab && reboot
重启系统后再次查看发现 /dev/vdb 已挂载到目录 /data
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 472K 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 20G 2.4G 18G 12% /
/dev/vdb 20G 45M 19G 1% /data
tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/0
更新编译系统
首先检查默认系统可以发现阿里云已安装有 cloud-init 系统服务
# ls -al /lib/systemd/system/cloud-
cloud-config.service cloud-config.target cloud-final.service cloud-init-local.service cloud-init.service cloud-init.target
# cloud-init --version
/usr/local/bin/cloud-init 19.1.3
如果没有则需要手动安装
- 我们更新并安装系统依赖
yum update -y
CentOS 需替换为 cloud.cfg
/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
users:
- default
disable_root: 0
ssh_pwauth: 1
datasource_list: [ ConfigDrive, TencentCloud ]
datasource:
ConfigDrive:
dsmode: local
TencentCloud:
metadata_urls: ['http://metadata.tencentyun.com']
cloud_init_modules:
- migrator
- bootcmd
- write-files
- growpart
- resizefs
- set_hostname
- update_hostname
- ['update_etc_hosts', 'once-per-instance']
- rsyslog
- users-groups
- ssh
cloud_config_modules:
- mounts
- locale
- set-passwords
- rh_subscription
- yum-add-repo
- package-update-upgrade-install
- ntp
- timezone
- resolv_conf
- puppet
- chef
- salt-minion
- mcollective
- disable-ec2-metadata
- runcmd
unverified_modules: ['resolv_conf']
cloud_final_modules:
- rightscale_userdata
- scripts-per-once
- scripts-per-boot
- scripts-per-instance
- scripts-user
- ssh-authkey-fingerprints
- keys-to-console
- phone-home
- final-message
- power-state-change
system_info:
default_user:
name: root
lock_passwd: false
gecos: Cloud User
groups: [wheel, adm, systemd-journal]
sudo: ["ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL"]
shell: /bin/bash
distro: rhel
paths:
cloud_dir: /var/lib/cloud
templates_dir: /etc/cloud/templates
ssh_svcname: sshd
执行以下命令添加用户 useradd syslog
useradd syslog
检查如果没有 /usr/bin/cloud-init 程序则需手动建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-init /usr/bin/cloud-init
针对 CentOS 和 Redhat 操作系统，需替换以下配置文件
/lib/systemd/system/cloud-init-local.service
[Unit]
Description=Initial cloud-init job (pre-networking)
Wants=network-pre.target
After=systemd-remount-fs.service
Before=NetworkManager.service
Before=network-pre.target
Before=shutdown.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
RequiresMountsFor=/var/lib/cloud
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cloud-init init --local
ExecStart=/bin/touch /run/cloud-init/network-config-ready
RemainAfterExit=yes
TimeoutSec=0
# Output needs to appear in instance console output
StandardOutput=journal+console
[Install]
WantedBy=cloud-init.target
/lib/systemd/system/cloud-init.service
[Unit]
Description=Initial cloud-init job (metadata service crawler)
Wants=cloud-init-local.service
Wants=sshd-keygen.service
Wants=sshd.service
After=cloud-init-local.service
After=systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
After=networking.service
After=systemd-hostnamed.service
Before=network-online.target
Before=sshd-keygen.service
Before=sshd.service
Before=systemd-user-sessions.service
Conflicts=shutdown.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cloud-init init
RemainAfterExit=yes
TimeoutSec=0
# Output needs to appear in instance console output
StandardOutput=journal+console
[Install]
WantedBy=cloud-init.target
执行以下命令:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable cloud-init-local.service
sudo systemctl restart cloud-init-local.service
sudo systemctl enable cloud-init.service
sudo systemctl restart cloud-init.service
sudo systemctl enable cloud-config.service
sudo systemctl restart cloud-config.service
sudo systemctl enable cloud-final.service
sudo systemctl restart cloud-final.service
sudo systemctl status cloud-init-local.service
sudo systemctl status cloud-init.service
sudo systemctl status cloud-config.service
sudo systemctl status cloud-final.service
以下操作执行完成后，请勿重启服务器，否则需重新执行下以下操作。 执行以下命令，检查 cloud-init 相关配置是否成功。
cloud-init init --local
rm -rf /var/lib/cloud
安装系统基础软件
yum install -y git && mkdir -p /opt/data && git clone https://zyf%40iirii.com:ZYF_bin312@e.coding.net:443/coam/Run.run_s.git && mv Run.run_s /opt/data/run_s
wget http://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz -O /tmp/redis-stable.tar.gz && tar xvzf /tmp/redis-stable.tar.gz -C /tmp && cd /tmp/redis-stable && make MALLOC=libc && cp /tmp/redis-stable/src/redis-cli /usr/bin/ && chmod 755 /usr/bin/redis-cli
CentOS-7
gcc -v
yum -y install centos-release-scl
yum -y install devtoolset-9-gcc devtoolset-9-gcc-c++ devtoolset-9-binutils
scl enable devtoolset-9 bash
gcc -v
如果报
cc: command not found则执行yum install -y gcc && rpm -qa|grep gcc安装gcc
编译系统镜像
注意: 需要手动注释掉以上步骤配置的
/etc/fstab挂载磁盘:/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0因为有的系统默认没有挂载云硬盘
再以整个根分区目录编译最终的系统镜像文件
# yum install -y qemu-kvm
# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 /dev/vda /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
编译完好有 3.2 G的系统镜像文件
/data
# du -hs *
3.2G centos-8.0.qcow2
16K lost+found
/data
# qemu-img info /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
image: /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 50G (53687091200 bytes)
disk size: 3.5G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
- 使用
qemu-img resize减少
/data
qemu-img resize --shrink /data/centos-8.0.qcow2 -10G && qemu-img info /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
其它参考
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=metadata newimage.qcow2 NEW_SIZE
Shrinking qcow2 images Resizing KVM qcow2 images 缩减镜像 virtual size 记 [](http://libguestfs.org/)
fdisk -l && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb && echo '/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab && reboot
yum update -y
yum install -y libguestfs-tools
yum install -y qemu-kvm
systemctl start libvirtd
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 /dev/vda /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
qemu-img info /data/centos-8.0.qcow2
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=metadata /data/centos-8.00.qcow2 10G
virt-resize /data/centos-8.0.qcow2 /data/centos-8.00.qcow2
qemu-img convert -c -f raw -O qcow2 /dev/vda /data/centos-8.0.0.qcow2
qemu-img convert -f raw -O raw /dev/vda /data/centos-8.0.raw
将 qcow2 转 raw 格式
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw centos7.qcow2 centos7.raw
最后使用 COSCMD 上传到腾讯云存储桶
COSCMD 命令行工具
安装 coscmd
CentOS-8
dnf install python3-pip
pip3 install coscmd
CentOS-8
yum install -y python3-pip
pip3 install coscmd
配置
# coscmd config -a AKIDiJhYGncxKVQ5koyjfWOE0b7Uip11AW8e -s bzEyUdjgIm0x4xaw1yhBPM4Y1PamuyoO -b mirror-1251154801 -r ap-shanghai
或者直接配置以下文件
~/.cos.conf
[common]
secret_id = AKIDiJhYGncxKVQ5koyjfWOE0b7Uip11AW8e
secret_key = bzEyUdjgIm0x4xaw1yhBPM4Y1PamuyoO
bucket = mirror-1251154801
region = ap-shanghai
max_thread = 5
part_size = 1
retry = 5
timeout = 60
schema = https
verify = md5
anonymous = False
使用以下命令上传镜像
将本地的
/data/centos-8.qcow2文件上传到cos的data/centos-8.qcow2路径下
# coscmd upload /data/centos-8.qcow2 data/centos-8.qcow2
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