RaspberryPi 服务器相关

Summary: Author: 张亚飞 | Read Time: 3 minute read | Published: 2016-04-11
Filed under Categories: LinuxTags: Note,

RaspberryPi 树莓派^^


RaspberryPi 树莓派


RaspberryPi 安装 CentOS 系统

wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos-altarch/8.1.1911/isos/armhfp/CentOS-Userland-8-armv7hl-generic-GNOME-1911-sda.raw.xz
  • 安装 SD Card Formatter

格式化 SD

  • Mac 下卸载已挂载的磁盘
$ diskutil list
/dev/disk3 (external, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *64.0 GB    disk3
   1:               Windows_NTFS RaspberryPi             64.0 GB    disk3s1
$ diskutil umount `mount | grep "/dev/disk3" | awk '{print $3}'`
Volume RaspberryPi on disk3s1 unmounted
  • 写入镜像文件 SD
$ sudo xzcat CentOS-Userland-8-armv7hl-generic-GNOME-1911-sda.raw.xz | sudo gdd of=/dev/disk3 bs=32M status=progress
Password:
5548285952 bytes (5.5 GB, 5.2 GiB) copied, 2006 s, 2.8 MB/s
0+84680 records in
0+84680 records out
5549064192 bytes (5.5 GB, 5.2 GiB) copied, 2006.41 s, 2.8 MB/s

在局域网内通过网线连接树莓派,登录 ssh root@192.168.2.155,密码: centos

wget https://server-22400.prod.hosts.ooklaserver.net/centos-altarch/8.1.1911/isos/armhfp/CentOS-Userland-8-armv7hl-generic-Minimal-1911-sda.raw.xz
diskutil umount `mount | grep "/dev/disk9" | awk '{print $3}'`
sudo xzcat ~/Downloads/CentOS-Userland-8-armv7hl-generic-Minimal-1911-sda.raw.xz | sudo gdd of=/dev/disk9 bs=32M status=progress

使用 Raspberry Pi Imager 安装操作系统

经常出现错误

"Verifying write failed. Contents of SD card is different then(than?)what was written to it."

建议使用 BalenaEtcher 尝试

使用 BalenaEtcher 安装系统


扩展根分区

由于系统默认的映像把根分区的空间设定得很小,因此我们需要手动扩展根分区. 虽然系统上自带了一个 rootfs-expand 自动扩展根分区的脚本,但是不知道为什么我使用了没有任何效果.所以还是得手动操作一下

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        422M     0  422M   0% /dev
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           484M   26M  459M   6% /run
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p4  3.7G  2.6G  990M  73% /
/dev/mmcblk0p2  642M   91M  531M  15% /boot
/dev/mmcblk0p1   76M   27M   50M  35% /boot/efi
tmpfs            97M   12K   97M   1% /run/user/991
tmpfs            97M  4.0K   97M   1% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 59.6 GiB, 64021856256 bytes, 125042688 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf2739457

Device         Boot   Start      End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1         2048   157695  155648   76M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 *     157696  1525759 1368064  668M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p3      1525760  2525183  999424  488M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/mmcblk0p4      2525184 10338303 7813120  3.7G 83 Linux

执行完之后,输入 d -> 按 1 下回车 -> 输入 n -> 输入 p -> 按 2 下回车 -> 输入 Y -> 输入 w -> 按回车:

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4, default 4):

Partition 4 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default e): p

Selected partition 4
First sector (2525184-125042687, default 2525184):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2525184-125042687, default 125042687):

Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux' and of size 58.4 GiB.
Partition #4 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y

The signature will be removed by a write command.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

再次使用 fdisk -l 查看:

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        422M     0  422M   0% /dev
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           484M   26M  458M   6% /run
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p4  3.7G  2.6G  989M  73% /
/dev/mmcblk0p2  642M   91M  531M  15% /boot
/dev/mmcblk0p1   76M   27M   50M  35% /boot/efi
tmpfs            97M   24K   97M   1% /run/user/991
tmpfs            97M  4.0K   97M   1% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 59.6 GiB, 64021856256 bytes, 125042688 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf2739457

Device         Boot   Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1         2048    157695    155648   76M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 *     157696   1525759   1368064  668M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p3      1525760   2525183    999424  488M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/mmcblk0p4      2525184 125042687 122517504 58.4G 83 Linux

发现 /dev/mmcblk0p4 已从 3.7G 扩展到 58.4G

然后执行 reboot 重启树莓派.

重启之后重新连接到树莓派,注意以上Partition 4 has been deleted.编号为4,然后执行以下命令:

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4
resize2fs 1.44.6 (5-Mar-2019)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p4 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p4 is now 15314688 (4k) blocks long.

根分区的扩展就完成了.

扩展完成后可以执行 df -h 来检查扩展是否成功.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        422M     0  422M   0% /dev
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           484M   26M  458M   6% /run
tmpfs           484M     0  484M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p4   58G  2.7G   55G   5% /
/dev/mmcblk0p2  642M   91M  531M  15% /boot
/dev/mmcblk0p1   76M   27M   50M  35% /boot/efi
tmpfs            97M   20K   97M   1% /run/user/991
tmpfs            97M  4.0K   97M   1% /run/user/0

WIFI 连接

nmtui

RaspberryPi 安装 Ubuntu 系统


Comments

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